{"id":326,"date":"2015-08-09T11:31:54","date_gmt":"2015-08-09T11:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/?p=326"},"modified":"2017-01-18T10:01:04","modified_gmt":"2017-01-18T04:31:04","slug":"linux-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux Commands"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux\/linux-commands\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-844 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Linux-Commands.png\" alt=\"Linux Commands\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Linux-Commands.png 450w, https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Linux-Commands-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><!--more--><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>ls -l<\/strong> for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in the particular working directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]# ls \u2013l<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>ls -la<\/strong> same as &#8216;ls -l&#8217; but by this command we can also see the hidden files<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#ls \u2013la<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>ls -li<\/strong> same as &#8216;ls -la&#8217; but it will also shows us the inode number of each and every file<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#ls \u2013li<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>ls<\/strong> by this command we can see only file name nothing else<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#ls<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>clear<\/strong> it will clear the screen ( short cut ctl + l )<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#clear<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong>exit <\/strong>to end a current session as well current terminal logging<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#exit<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><strong>touch <\/strong>to create a new empty file<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#touch myfile.txt<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><strong>cd<\/strong> to change the working\/present directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#cd \/home\/sachin<\/p>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li><strong>cat<\/strong> to view the contents of a file and it is also used for creating a new file with some contents<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#cat &lt;file name&gt; to view file contents<\/p>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#cat &gt; newfilename enter, then you can write something in the file and then to save the file contents press clt+d then enter<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li><strong>mkdir<\/strong> to make a new directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#mkdir newdirname<\/p>\n<p>you can also create a directory at your desired path without changing your present working directory<\/p>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#mkdir \/home\/sachin\/newdirname<\/p>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li><strong>rm<\/strong> to remove a empty file<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#rm filename<\/p>\n<ol start=\"12\">\n<li><strong>rmdir<\/strong> to remove a empty directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#rmdir directoryname<\/p>\n<ol start=\"13\">\n<li><strong>rm<\/strong> [-i\/-r\/-f] to remove a directory with its subdirectories as well as its<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>files that is to remove a directory which already contains some files in it<\/p>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#rm -i directory\/filename<\/p>\n<p>-i stands for interactively<\/p>\n<p>-r stands for recursively<\/p>\n<p>-f stands for forcefully<\/p>\n<ol start=\"14\">\n<li><strong>cp <\/strong>to copy something in a destination file or directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#cp sourcepath destinationpath<\/p>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#cp \/home\/sachin\/webmin.rpm \/root\/abcd<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>in this example the webmin.rpm file will be copied in<\/p>\n<p>\/root\/abcd directory<\/p>\n<ol start=\"15\">\n<li><strong>mv<\/strong> to move one file or directory from one place to another place, it is also used for renaming adirectory or file<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#mv source destination<\/p>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#mv oldfilename newfilename [to change the file name]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"16\">\n<li><strong>man <\/strong>to view the mannual page of commands for syntax<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#man commandname<\/p>\n<ol start=\"17\">\n<li><strong>info<\/strong> to view the information about any command<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#mkdir info<\/p>\n<ol start=\"18\">\n<li><strong>&#8211;help<\/strong> to view the help doccuments of a command<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#commandname \u2013help<\/p>\n<ol start=\"19\">\n<li><strong>dir <\/strong> to view the subdirectories and filesn under the directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#dir<\/p>\n<ol start=\"20\">\n<li><strong>who<\/strong> by this command you can see the user name and their ip addresses who have loged in on your server<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#who<\/p>\n<ol start=\"21\">\n<li><strong>whoami <\/strong> this command shows your current logged in terminal user name<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#whoami<\/p>\n<ol start=\"22\">\n<li><strong>who am i<\/strong> this command shows you the logged in terminal number and user name and more detailed information<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#who am i<\/p>\n<ol start=\"23\">\n<li><strong>pwd<\/strong> to view the present working directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#pwd<\/p>\n<ol start=\"24\">\n<li><strong>rpm -ivh<\/strong> to intall a rpm package<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#rpm -ivh packagename.rpm<\/p>\n<p>rpm stands for &#8216;redhat package manager&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>-i stands for install<\/p>\n<p>-v stands for verbose mode<\/p>\n<p>-h stands for with hash sign(#)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"25\">\n<li><strong>rpm -q<\/strong> to querry about any rpm package<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#rpm -q packagename<\/p>\n<ol start=\"26\">\n<li><strong>rpm -e<\/strong> to uninstall a rpm package<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#rpm -e package<\/p>\n<ol start=\"27\">\n<li><strong>find \/ -name<\/strong> to find any file or directory in linux file system<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#find \/ -name filename<\/p>\n<ol start=\"28\">\n<li><strong>su username<\/strong> to switch from one user to another users home directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#su sachin<\/p>\n<ol start=\"29\">\n<li><strong>su &#8211; username<\/strong> to switch from one user to another user users home directory directly<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#su \u2013 sachin<\/p>\n<ol start=\"30\">\n<li><strong>useradd<\/strong> to create a new user<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#useradd username<\/p>\n<ol start=\"31\">\n<li><strong>passwd<\/strong> to give a password of a user<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#passwd sachin<\/p>\n<p>give a password for user sachin:(here you have to type a password for sachin user) Confirm password:(again type the same password)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"32\">\n<li><strong>userdel <\/strong>to remove a user from linux<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#userdel sachin<\/p>\n<ol start=\"33\">\n<li><strong>groupadd<\/strong> to add a new group<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#groupadd groupname<\/p>\n<ol start=\"34\">\n<li><strong>gruopdel<\/strong> to delete a group<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#groupdel groupname<\/p>\n<ol start=\"35\">\n<li><strong>chown<\/strong> to change the ownership of a file or directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#chown ownername filename<\/p>\n<ol start=\"36\">\n<li><strong>chgrp<\/strong> to change the group ownership of a file or directory<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@armourinfosec ~]#chgrp newgroupownername filename<\/p>\n<ol start=\"37\">\n<li><strong>usermod <\/strong> to modify the user profile<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[root@ armourinfosec ~]#usermod -parameter groupname username<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":844,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>linux commands for beginners | linux commands for hacking<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in the particular working directory\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"linux commands for beginners | linux commands for hacking\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in the particular working directory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Armour Infosec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ArmourInfosec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-08-09T11:31:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-01-18T04:31:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Linux-Commands.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Armour Infosec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ArmourInfosec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ArmourInfosec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Armour Infosec\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/\",\"name\":\"linux commands for beginners | linux commands for hacking\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2015-08-09T11:31:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-01-18T04:31:04+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1d8ec30560e735c34fa5d464a1357308\"},\"description\":\"ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in the particular working directory\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Linux Commands\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/\",\"name\":\"Armour Infosec\",\"description\":\"Do Your Part - Be Security Smart\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1d8ec30560e735c34fa5d464a1357308\",\"name\":\"Armour Infosec\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/17f812901d8294702576e81ddce5aa92?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/17f812901d8294702576e81ddce5aa92?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Armour Infosec\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"linux commands for beginners | linux commands for hacking","description":"ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in the particular working directory","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"linux commands for beginners | linux commands for hacking","og_description":"ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in the particular working directory","og_url":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/","og_site_name":"Armour Infosec","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ArmourInfosec","article_published_time":"2015-08-09T11:31:54+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-01-18T04:31:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":450,"height":300,"url":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/Linux-Commands.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Armour Infosec","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ArmourInfosec","twitter_site":"@ArmourInfosec","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Armour Infosec","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/","url":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/","name":"linux commands for beginners | linux commands for hacking","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-08-09T11:31:54+00:00","dateModified":"2017-01-18T04:31:04+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1d8ec30560e735c34fa5d464a1357308"},"description":"ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those are kept in the particular working directory","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/linux-commands\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Linux Commands"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/","name":"Armour Infosec","description":"Do Your Part - Be Security Smart","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1d8ec30560e735c34fa5d464a1357308","name":"Armour Infosec","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/17f812901d8294702576e81ddce5aa92?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/17f812901d8294702576e81ddce5aa92?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Armour Infosec"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"menu_order":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=326"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.armourinfosec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}